![]() Women on the Sunshine List also tend to fill middle management positions in human resources or administration, but higher-level positions such as CEOs are often filled by men. In the hospital sector, registered nurses, who are often female, can earn as much as $100,000, but specialists, who are often male, can make as much as $300,000, says Plesca. Women working in hospitals earn 75 to 80 per cent of what male employees make, whereas female university and college employees earn about 90 per cent of what male colleagues make. The hospital and post-secondary education sectors have the largest wage gaps between genders. The judicial and energy sectors have no gender wage gap, however, fewer women work in these sectors. The average wage gap between men and women on the Sunshine List is about five per cent, which is smaller compared to other sectors, she adds. Only 20 per cent of women on the list made as much as men did. Even though there are more women on the list, says Plesca, they are more likely to have recently entered the $100,000 income bracket, thus earning closer to $100,000, and typically earn less than men on the list. Today, the ratio of men to women is two-thirds to one-third. When the Sunshine List was introduced in the late 1990s, men accounted for 80 per cent of public-sector employees on the list. ![]() Mothers may also need to work fewer hours when they return to work due to childcare responsibilities. I knew that there still was a gender gap and I thought most of it was due to family reasons.” Having children has a bigger impact on women’s careers and their incomes because mothers typically take more time off for parental leave than fathers. ![]() “What really surprised me was the very small number of women on it. “I didn’t know what to expect with the Sunshine List,” says Plesca of her study. As a labour economist, she studies how wages are determined and what factors influence wage differences. Miana Plesca, Department of Economics and Finance. More women are earning their way onto Ontario’s Sunshine List, which records all public-sector employees who earn $100,000 or more, but men still outnumber women on the list, according to a study of gender-based wage differences by Prof. The gender wage gap could be further reduced by changing the perceptions of men’s and women’s roles in the workplace and household.
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